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Literature Review

Electrolyzed–Reduced Water: Review I. Molecular Hydrogen Is the Exclusive Agent Responsible for the Therapeutic Effects

MHID-7890987PMID: 364990792022International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Tyler W. LeBaron, Randy Sharpe, Kinji Ohno

Numerous benefits have been attributed to alkaline-electrolyzed–reduced water (ERW). Sometimes these claims are associated with easily debunked concepts. The observed benefits have been conjectured to be due to the intrinsic properties of ERW (e.g., negative oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), alkaline pH, H2 gas), as well enigmatic characteristics (e.g., altered water structure, microclusters, fre

Literature ReviewHighlighted

Electrolyzed–Reduced Water: Review II: Safety Concerns and Effectiveness as a Source of Hydrogen Water

MHID-2004094PMID: 364988382022International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Tyler W. LeBaron, Randy Sharpe, Kinji Ohno

Many studies demonstrate the safety of alkaline-electrolyzed–reduced water (ERW); however, several animal studies have reported significant tissue damage and hyperkalemia after drinking ERW. The mechanism responsible for these results remains unknown but may be due to electrode degradation associated with the production of higher pH, in which platinum nanoparticles and other metals that have harmf

Literature Review

Molecular hydrogen is a promising therapeutic agent for pulmonary disease

MHID-8534460PMID: 351878852022Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology)

Zhiling Fu, Jin Zhang

Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, ca

Literature Review

Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Ageing and Ageing-Related Diseases

MHID-1010920PMID: 353402182022Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Zhiling Fu, Jin Zhang, Yan Zhang

Ageing is a physiological process of progressive decline in the organism function over time. It affects every organ in the body and is a significant risk for chronic diseases. Molecular hydrogen has therapeutic and preventive effects on various organs. It has antioxidative properties as it directly neutralizes hydroxyl radicals and reduces peroxynitrite level. It also activates Nrf2 and HO-1, which r

Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Skin Diseases and its Impact in Beauty.

MHID-0478701PMID: 329814972021Current pharmaceutical design

Bajgai J, Lee KJ, Rahman MH, Fadriquela A, Kim CS.

In today's society, healthy skin and a beautiful appearance are considered the foundation of general well-being. The skin is the largest organ of the body and plays an important role in protecting it against various hazards such as environmental, physical, chemical, and biological hazards. These factors include mediators that lead to oxidation reactions that produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen specie

Non-ExperimentalOther

Discussion: Drinking hydrogen water enhances endurance and relieves psychometric fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

MHID-5897036PMID: 345859572021Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Casper Falster, Svend Korfitzen, Martin Herold, Jan Lindebjerg, Morten Elsøe

Introduction In 2019, Toshio Mikami et al. published the article “Drinking hydrogen water enhances endurance and relieves psychometric fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study” (Mikami et al. 2019). The authors conclude that drinking hydrogen (H2) – infused water prior to exercise induces anti-fatigue effects and improves endurance when compared with placebo water. While th

Literature ReviewHighlighted

Molecular Hydrogen: Is This a Viable New Treatment for Plants in the UK?

MHID-8010762PMID: 348346332021Plants

John T. Hancock, Tyler W. LeBaron, Jennifer May, Adam Thomas, Grace Russell

Despite being trialed in other regions of the world, the use of molecular hydrogen (H2) for enhanced plant growth and the postharvest storage of crops has yet to be widely accepted in the UK. The evidence that the treatment of plants and plant products with H2 alleviates plant stress and slows crop senescence continues to grow. Many of these effects appear to be mediated by the alteration of the a

Literature ReviewHighlighted

Neuroprotective and Preventative Effects of Molecular Hydrogen

MHID-9435089PMID: 330767982021Current Pharmaceutical Design

Mami Noda, Jiankang Liu, Jiangang Long

One of the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen (H2, hydrogen gas) is neuroprotection and pre- vention of neurological disorders. It is important and useful if taking H2 every day can prevent or ameliorate the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease, both lacking specific therapeutic drugs. There are several mechanisms of how H2 protects n

Literature Review

Neuroprotective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen: A Critical Review

MHID-9272690PMID: 330783742021Neuroscience Bulletin

Wei Chen, Han-Ting Zhang, Shu-Cun Qin

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a physiologically inert gas. However, during the last 10 years, increasing evidence has revealed its biological functions under pathological conditions. More specifically, H2 has protec- tive effects against a variety of diseases, particularly nervous system disorders, which include ischemia/reperfu- sion injury, traumatic injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, neuropathic pain

Literature Review

Combating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID-19 by Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms and Perspectives

MHID-6029476PMID: 346464232021Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Duried Alwazeer, Franky Fuh-Ching Liu, Xiao Yu Wu, Tyler W. LeBaron

COVID-19 is a widespread global pandemic with nearly 185 million confirmed cases and about four million deaths. It is caused by an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily affects the alveolar type II pneumocytes. The infection induces pathological responses including increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This situation result

Literature Review

Molecular Hydrogen as Medicine: An Assessment of Administration Methods

MHID-48068842021Hydrogen

Grace Russell, Alexander Nenov, Hesham Kisher, John T. Hancock

Since the late 18th century, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been shown to be well tolerated, firstly in animals, and then in humans. However, although research into the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen in both plant and mammalian physiology is gaining momentum, the idea of utilising this electrochemically neutral and non-polar diatomic compound for the benefit of health has yet to be widely acce

Literature ReviewHighlighted

Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Antitumor Agent: Possible Mechanisms Underlying Gene Expression

MHID-5389125PMID: 344454282021International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Shin-ichi Hirano, Haru Yamamoto, Yusuke Ichikawa, Bunpei Sato, Yoshiyasu Takefuji, Fumitake Satoh

While many antitumor drugs have yielded unsatisfactory therapeutic results, drugs are one of the most prevalent therapeutic measures for the treatment of cancer. The development of cancer largely results from mutations in nuclear DNA, as well as from those in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Molecular hydrogen (H2), an inert molecule, can scavenge hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which are known to be the stron

Literature Review

Hydrogen, a Novel Therapeutic Molecule, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis

MHID-5326803PMID: 349874192021Frontiers in Physiology

Yan Tian, Yafang Zhang, Yu Wang, Yunxi Chen, Weiping Fan, Jianjun Zhou, et al.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless and odorless gas. Studies have shown that H2 inhalation has the therapeutic effects in many animal studies and clinical trials, and its application is recommended in the novel coronavirus pneumonia treatment guidelines in China recently. H2 has a relatively small molecular mass, which helps it quickly spread and penetrate cell membranes to exert a wide range

Literature ReviewHighlighted

Homeostatic and endocrine responses as the basis for systemic therapy with medical gases: ozone, xenon and molecular hydrogen

MHID-5196947PMID: 342135002021Medical Gas Research

Eugene Iv. Nazarov, Igor Alb. Khlusov, Mami Noda

Among medical gases, including gases used therapeutically, this review discusses the comparative physiological activity of three gases – ozone (O3), xenon (Xe) and molecular hydrogen (H2), which together form representatives of three types of substances – typical oxidizing, inert, and typical reducing agents. Upon analysis of published and proprietary data, we concluded that these three medical ga

Literature Review

Protective effects of molecular hydrogen on lung injury from lung transplantation

MHID-3527018PMID: 338995452021Experimental Biology and Medicine

Lini Quan, Bin Zheng, Huacheng Zhou

Lung grafts may experience multiple injuries during lung transplantation, such as warm ischaemia, cold ischaemia, and reperfusion injury. These injuries all contribute to primary graft dysfunction, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplanta- tion. As a potential selective antioxidant, hydrogen molecule (H2) protects against post- transplant complications in animal mod

Human StudyLiterature ReviewAnimal Study

Hydrogen Gas Therapy: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials

MHID-2665690PMID: 333492132021Current Pharmaceutical Design

Motoaki Sano, Tomoyoshi Tamura

Background: Mounting evidence indicates that hydrogen gas (H2) is a versatile therapeutic agent, even at very low, non-combustible concentrations. The Chinese National Health and Medical Commission recently recommended the use of inhaled H2 in addition to O2 therapy in the treatment of COVID-19-associated pneumonia, and its effects extend to anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.

Literature Review

Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Protective Agent against Pre-Symptomatic Diseases

MHID-0972119PMID: 342812642021International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Haru Yamamoto, Yusuke Ichikawa, Shin-ichi Hirano, Bunpei Sato, Yoshiyasu Takefuji, Fumitake Satoh

Mibyou, or pre-symptomatic diseases, refers to state of health in which a disease is slowly developing within the body yet the symptoms are not apparent. Common examples of mibyou in modern medicine include inflammatory diseases that are caused by chronic inflammation. It is known that chronic inflammation is triggered by the uncontrolled release of proinflammatory cytokines by neutrophils and macroph

Literature ReviewHighlighted

Direct Targets and Subsequent Pathways for Molecular Hydrogen to Exert Multiple Functions: Focusing on Interventions in Radical Reactions

MHID-9169500PMID: 327679252021Current Pharmaceutical Design

Shigeo Ohta

Molecular hydrogen (H2) was long regarded as non-functional in mammalian cells. We overturned the concept by demonstrating that H2 exhibits antioxidant effects and protects cells against oxidative stress. Subsequently, it has been revealed that H2 has multiple functions in addition to antioxidant effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic functions, and as cell death and autophagy regulat

Mechanisms ReviewHighlighted

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Associated with Effects of Molecular Hydrogen in Cardiovascular and Central Nervous Systems

MHID-2592715PMID: 351026012020Antioxidants

Miroslav Barancik, Branislav Kura, Tyler W. LeBaron, Roberto Bolli, Jozef Buday, Jan Slezak

The increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are important factors contributing to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Molecular hydrogen is recognized as an emerging therapeutic, and its positive effects in the treatment of pathologies have been documented in both experimental and clinical studies. The therapeutic potential of

Literature Review

Application of Molecular Hydrogen as a Novel Antioxidant in Sports Science

MHID-9675573PMID: 320157862020Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Takuji Kawamura, Kazuhiko Higashida, Isao Muraoka

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, and minimal molecule with high flammability. Although H2 has been thought to be an inert gas in living bodies for many years, an animal study reported that inhalation of H2 gas decreased oxidative stress and suppressed brain injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion injury due to its antioxidant action. Since then, the antioxidant action