Animal StudyIn VitroHighlightedHydrogen-rich saline attenuates isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and cognitive impairment via inhibition of isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in ATP levelsMHID-6714009PMID: 283863422017American Journal of Translational ResearchCheng Li, Lengchen Hou, Dan Chen, Fuqing Lin, Tao Chang, Mengzhu Li, et al.Objectives: The inhaled general anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to induce caspase-3 activation in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanisms and functional consequences of this activity remain unclear. Isoflurane can induce caspase-3 activation by causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. This stud