Impact of hemodialysis solutions containing different levels of molecular hydrogen (H2) on the patient‑reported outcome of fatigue

Abstract

Background: Reportedly, dialysis solutions containing molecular hydrogen (H2) might ameliorate patient-reported fatigue in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, it is unknown whether its impact might differ with different H2 levels. Method: This single-arm, prospective observational study examined 105 patients on chronic HD (62 males; mean age, 66 years; mean HD duration, 117 months). All patients were originally treated with an HD solution with 47 ppb (mean) H2 for more than 12 months, followed by an HD solution with 154 ppb (mean) H2 for 8 weeks. Baseline and changes in subjective fatigue status rated on a numerical rating scale (NRS) were assessed before the start of the study (baseline) and 8th week of the study. Results: Patients were classified into three groups according to the presence of subjective fatigue at baseline: Group A (15.2%), presence of fatigue on both HD and HD-free days; Group B (28.6%), fatigue only on HD days; and Group C (56.2%), freedom from fatigue. In Group A, NRS scores during the 8-week period were significantly decreased as com- pared with 0 week, at the 4th and 8th week on HD days, and at the 8th week on HD-free day, respectively. While no consistent changes were found in other groups. At the 8th week, 64 patients (61%) presented absence of or decrease in the NRS score of fatigue, while the rest of patients did not present the decrease in NRS (the non-improved: 39%). Regarding the factors related to the non-improved, prescription of antihypertensive agents was a significant independent risk factor by multivariate analysis, indicating the possible involvement of excess fall in blood pressure (BP) in those patients. Conclusion: Amelioration of the patient-reported outcome of fatigue might be influenced by H2 levels in the HD solution, and the optimal H2 level in the dialysate needs to be elucidated in consideration of clinical type of fatigue and BP control status.

Study details

Article type

Original Research

Disease / injury model

Fatigue in chronic hemodialysis patients

Duration

8 weeks

Dose comparison

Direct comparison of low (47 ppb) and high (154 ppb) H2 concentrations in dialysate on fatigue outcomes.

Dose-dependent effect

No

Outcome

Positive

Findings

Hemodialysis solutions with higher molecular hydrogen (H2) content (154 ppb vs. 47 ppb) led to a significant reduction in patient-reported fatigue in patients with chronic-type fatigue (fatigue on both HD and HD-free days), but not in other groups. Overall, 61% of patients showed improvement in fatigue, while 39% did not. Use of antihypertensive agents was an independent risk factor for non-improvement, suggesting blood pressure control may influence the benefit of H2-enriched dialysate.